Objective: Major depressive disorder is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Yet, there remain significant challenges in predicting new cases of major depression and devising strategies to prevent the disorder. An important first step in this process is identifying risk factors for the incidence of major depression. There is accumulating biological evidence linking insulin resistance, another highly prevalent condition, and depressive disorders. The objectives of this study were to examine whether three surrogate measures of insulin resistance (high triglyceride-HDL [high-density lipoprotein] ratio; prediabetes, as indicated by fasting plasma glucose level; and high central adiposity, as measured by waist circumference) at the time of study enrollment were associated with an increased rate of incident major depressive disorder over a 9-year follow-up period and to assess whether the new onset of these surrogate measures during the first 2 years after study enrollment was predictive of incident major depressive disorder during the subsequent follow-up period. Methods: The Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA) is a multisite longitudinal study of the course and consequences of depressive and anxiety disorders in adults. The study population comprised 601 NESDA participants (18–65 years old) without a lifetime history of depression or anxiety disorders. The study’s outcome was incident major depressive disorder, defined using DSM-IV criteria. Exposure measures included triglyceride-HDL ratio, fasting plasma glucose level, and waist circumference. Results: Fourteen percent of the sample developed major depressive disorder during follow-up. Cox proportional hazards models indicated that higher triglyceride-HDL ratio was positively associated with an increased risk for incident major depression (hazard ratio=1.89, 95% CI=1.15, 3.11), as were higher fasting plasma glucose levels (hazard ratio=1.37, 95% CI=1.05, 1.77) and higher waist circumference (hazard ratio=1.11 95% CI=1.01, 1.21). The development of prediabetes in the 2-year period after study enrollment was positively associated with incident major depressive disorder (hazard ratio=2.66, 95% CI=1.13, 6.27). The development of high triglyceride-HDL ratio and high central adiposity (cut-point ≥100 cm) in the same period was not associated with incident major depression. Conclusions: Three surrogate measures of insulin resistance positively predicted incident major depressive disorder in a 9-year follow-up period among adults with no history of depression or anxiety disorder. In addition, the development of prediabetes between enrollment and the 2-year study visit was positively associated with incident major depressive disorder. These findings may have utility for evaluating the risk for the development of major depression among patients with insulin resistance or metabolic pathology.
Tag: food
DNA methylation‐based biomarkers of aging were slowed down in a two‐year diet and physical activity intervention trial: the DAMA study – Fiorito – – Aging Cell – Wiley Online Library
DAMA study is intentionally based on non-extreme interventions, meaning that relatively easily achievable changes in one’s lifestyle behaviors lead to a significant slowing down of biological aging biomarkers, which in turn are associated with higher longevity, lower risk of developing age-related diseases, and increased quality of life in the older age. Further, our results indicate that dietary quality and physical activity influence epigenetic aging through complementary molecular mechanisms, suggesting that their effect is potentially cumulative rather than interchangeable.
The Mediterranean diet helps improve cognitive function and memory – Idibell
Longitudinal Trends in Body Mass Index Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Persons Aged 2–19 Years — United States, 2018–2020
This report describes BMI increases among children aged 2–19 years during the COVID-19 pandemic.
the rate of body mass index (BMI) increase approximately doubled
Weight Loss with a Low-Carbohydrate, Mediterranean, or Low-Fat Diet | NEJM
Original Article from The New England Journal of Medicine — Weight Loss with a Low-Carbohydrate, Mediterranean, or Low-Fat Diet
Source: Weight Loss with a Low-Carbohydrate, Mediterranean, or Low-Fat Diet | NEJM
Assessing Causality in the Association between Child Adiposity and Physical Activity Levels: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis
This study does suggest that trying to persuade obese children to lose weight by exercising more is likely to be ineffective….
Fatness predicts decreased physical activity and increased sedentary time, but not vice versa: support from a longitudinal study in 8- to 11-year-old children | International Journal of Obesity
Our results suggest that adiposity is a better predictor of PA and sedentary behavior changes than the other way around.
The carbohydrate-insulin model: a physiological perspective on the obesity pandemic | The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition | Oxford Academic
Calorie restriction for obesity treatment results in weight loss—initially—giving patients the impression they have conscious control over their body weight. But predictable biological responses oppose weight loss, including decreased metabolic rate and elevated hunger. Therefore, ongoing weight loss requires progressively more severe calorie restriction, even as hunger increases. Few people achieve clinically significant weight loss over the long term with this approach. Those who cannot might feel implicitly stigmatized as lacking in self-control.
How a ‘tragically flawed’ paradigm has derailed the science of obesity
So little progress has been made against obesity and type 2 diabetes because the field has been laboring under the wrong paradigm.
Source: How a ‘tragically flawed’ paradigm has derailed the science of obesity
Long-term dietary patterns are associated with pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory features of the gut microbiome | Gut
Objective The microbiome directly affects the balance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses in the gut. As microbes thrive on dietary substrates, the question arises whether we can nourish an anti-inflammatory gut ecosystem. We aim to unravel interactions between diet, gut microbiota and their functional ability to induce intestinal inflammation.Design We investigated the relation between 173 dietary factors and the microbiome of 1425 individuals spanning four cohorts: Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome and the general population. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed to profile gut microbial composition and function. Dietary intake was assessed through food frequency questionnaires. We performed unsupervised clustering to identify dietary patterns and microbial clusters. Associations between diet and microbial features were explored per cohort, followed by a meta-analysis and heterogeneity estimation.Results We identified 38 associations between dietary patterns and microbial clusters. Moreover, 61 individual foods and nutrients were associated with 61 species and 249 metabolic pathways in the meta-analysis across healthy individuals and patients with IBS, Crohn’s disease and UC (false discovery rate<0.05). Processed foods and animal-derived foods were consistently associated with higher abundances of Firmicutes, Ruminococcus species of the Blautia genus and endotoxin synthesis pathways. The opposite was found for plant foods and fish, which were positively associated with short-chain fatty acid-producing commensals and pathways of nutrient metabolism.Conclusion We identified dietary patterns that consistently correlate with groups of bacteria with shared functional roles in both, health and disease. Moreover, specific foods and nutrients were associated with species known to infer mucosal protection and anti-inflammatory effects. We propose microbial mechanisms through which the diet affects inflammatory responses in the gut as a rationale for future intervention studies.All relevant data supporting the key findings of this study are available within the article and the supplementary files. Raw metagenomic sequencing reads and extended phenotypic data are available from the European Genome-phenome Archive data repository: 1000 IBD cohort [EGAD00001004194] and LifeLines Deep cohort [EGAD00001001991]. Codes used for generating the microbial profiles are publicly available at:[[https://github.com/WeersmaLabIBD/Microbiome/blob/master/Protocol\_metagenomic\_pipeline.md][1]]. All statistical analysis scripts are written in R and can be found here: . [1]: https://github.com/WeersmaLabIBD/Microbiome/blob/master/Protocol_metagenomic_pipeline.md
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